/*
 * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package androidx.media3.extractor.text.ttml;

import static java.lang.Math.max;
import static java.lang.Math.min;

import android.text.Layout;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.media3.common.C;
import androidx.media3.common.text.Cue;
import androidx.media3.common.text.TextAnnotation;
import androidx.media3.common.util.Assertions;
import androidx.media3.common.util.ColorParser;
import androidx.media3.common.util.Log;
import androidx.media3.common.util.UnstableApi;
import androidx.media3.common.util.Util;
import androidx.media3.common.util.XmlPullParserUtil;
import androidx.media3.extractor.text.SimpleSubtitleDecoder;
import androidx.media3.extractor.text.Subtitle;
import androidx.media3.extractor.text.SubtitleDecoderException;
import com.google.common.base.Ascii;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.PolyNull;
import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParser;
import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserException;
import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserFactory;

/**
 * A {@link SimpleSubtitleDecoder} for TTML supporting the DFXP presentation profile. Features
 * supported by this decoder are:
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>content
 *   <li>core
 *   <li>presentation
 *   <li>profile
 *   <li>structure
 *   <li>time-offset
 *   <li>timing
 *   <li>tickRate
 *   <li>time-clock-with-frames
 *   <li>time-clock
 *   <li>time-offset-with-frames
 *   <li>time-offset-with-ticks
 *   <li>cell-resolution
 * </ul>
 *
 * @see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/ttaf1-dfxp/">TTML specification</a>
 */
@UnstableApi
public final class TtmlDecoder extends SimpleSubtitleDecoder {

  private static final String TAG = "TtmlDecoder";

  private static final String TTP = "http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter";

  private static final String ATTR_BEGIN = "begin";
  private static final String ATTR_DURATION = "dur";
  private static final String ATTR_END = "end";
  private static final String ATTR_STYLE = "style";
  private static final String ATTR_REGION = "region";
  private static final String ATTR_IMAGE = "backgroundImage";

  private static final Pattern CLOCK_TIME =
      Pattern.compile(
          "^([0-9][0-9]+):([0-9][0-9]):([0-9][0-9])"
              + "(?:(\\.[0-9]+)|:([0-9][0-9])(?:\\.([0-9]+))?)?$");
  private static final Pattern OFFSET_TIME =
      Pattern.compile("^([0-9]+(?:\\.[0-9]+)?)(h|m|s|ms|f|t)$");
  private static final Pattern FONT_SIZE = Pattern.compile("^(([0-9]*.)?[0-9]+)(px|em|%)$");
  static final Pattern SIGNED_PERCENTAGE = Pattern.compile("^([-+]?\\d+\\.?\\d*?)%$");
  static final Pattern PERCENTAGE_COORDINATES =
      Pattern.compile("^(\\d+\\.?\\d*?)% (\\d+\\.?\\d*?)%$");
  private static final Pattern PIXEL_COORDINATES =
      Pattern.compile("^(\\d+\\.?\\d*?)px (\\d+\\.?\\d*?)px$");
  private static final Pattern CELL_RESOLUTION = Pattern.compile("^(\\d+) (\\d+)$");

  private static final int DEFAULT_FRAME_RATE = 30;

  private static final FrameAndTickRate DEFAULT_FRAME_AND_TICK_RATE =
      new FrameAndTickRate(DEFAULT_FRAME_RATE, 1, 1);
  private static final CellResolution DEFAULT_CELL_RESOLUTION =
      new CellResolution(/* columns= */ 32, /* rows= */ 15);

  private final XmlPullParserFactory xmlParserFactory;

  public TtmlDecoder() {
    super("TtmlDecoder");
    try {
      xmlParserFactory = XmlPullParserFactory.newInstance();
      xmlParserFactory.setNamespaceAware(true);
    } catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException("Couldn't create XmlPullParserFactory instance", e);
    }
  }

  @Override
  protected Subtitle decode(byte[] bytes, int length, boolean reset)
      throws SubtitleDecoderException {
    try {
      XmlPullParser xmlParser = xmlParserFactory.newPullParser();
      Map<String, TtmlStyle> globalStyles = new HashMap<>();
      Map<String, TtmlRegion> regionMap = new HashMap<>();
      Map<String, String> imageMap = new HashMap<>();
      regionMap.put(TtmlNode.ANONYMOUS_REGION_ID, new TtmlRegion(TtmlNode.ANONYMOUS_REGION_ID));
      ByteArrayInputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes, 0, length);
      xmlParser.setInput(inputStream, null);
      @Nullable TtmlSubtitle ttmlSubtitle = null;
      ArrayDeque<TtmlNode> nodeStack = new ArrayDeque<>();
      int unsupportedNodeDepth = 0;
      int eventType = xmlParser.getEventType();
      FrameAndTickRate frameAndTickRate = DEFAULT_FRAME_AND_TICK_RATE;
      CellResolution cellResolution = DEFAULT_CELL_RESOLUTION;
      @Nullable TtsExtent ttsExtent = null;
      while (eventType != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
        @Nullable TtmlNode parent = nodeStack.peek();
        if (unsupportedNodeDepth == 0) {
          String name = xmlParser.getName();
          if (eventType == XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
            if (TtmlNode.TAG_TT.equals(name)) {
              frameAndTickRate = parseFrameAndTickRates(xmlParser);
              cellResolution = parseCellResolution(xmlParser, DEFAULT_CELL_RESOLUTION);
              ttsExtent = parseTtsExtent(xmlParser);
            }
            if (!isSupportedTag(name)) {
              Log.i(TAG, "Ignoring unsupported tag: " + xmlParser.getName());
              unsupportedNodeDepth++;
            } else if (TtmlNode.TAG_HEAD.equals(name)) {
              parseHeader(xmlParser, globalStyles, cellResolution, ttsExtent, regionMap, imageMap);
            } else {
              try {
                TtmlNode node = parseNode(xmlParser, parent, regionMap, frameAndTickRate);
                nodeStack.push(node);
                if (parent != null) {
                  parent.addChild(node);
                }
              } catch (SubtitleDecoderException e) {
                Log.w(TAG, "Suppressing parser error", e);
                // Treat the node (and by extension, all of its children) as unsupported.
                unsupportedNodeDepth++;
              }
            }
          } else if (eventType == XmlPullParser.TEXT) {
            Assertions.checkNotNull(parent).addChild(TtmlNode.buildTextNode(xmlParser.getText()));
          } else if (eventType == XmlPullParser.END_TAG) {
            if (xmlParser.getName().equals(TtmlNode.TAG_TT)) {
              ttmlSubtitle =
                  new TtmlSubtitle(
                      Assertions.checkNotNull(nodeStack.peek()), globalStyles, regionMap, imageMap);
            }
            nodeStack.pop();
          }
        } else {
          if (eventType == XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
            unsupportedNodeDepth++;
          } else if (eventType == XmlPullParser.END_TAG) {
            unsupportedNodeDepth--;
          }
        }
        xmlParser.next();
        eventType = xmlParser.getEventType();
      }
      if (ttmlSubtitle != null) {
        return ttmlSubtitle;
      } else {
        throw new SubtitleDecoderException("No TTML subtitles found");
      }
    } catch (XmlPullParserException xppe) {
      throw new SubtitleDecoderException("Unable to decode source", xppe);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected error when reading input.", e);
    }
  }

  private static FrameAndTickRate parseFrameAndTickRates(XmlPullParser xmlParser)
      throws SubtitleDecoderException {
    int frameRate = DEFAULT_FRAME_RATE;
    String frameRateString = xmlParser.getAttributeValue(TTP, "frameRate");
    if (frameRateString != null) {
      frameRate = Integer.parseInt(frameRateString);
    }

    float frameRateMultiplier = 1;
    String frameRateMultiplierString = xmlParser.getAttributeValue(TTP, "frameRateMultiplier");
    if (frameRateMultiplierString != null) {
      String[] parts = Util.split(frameRateMultiplierString, " ");
      if (parts.length != 2) {
        throw new SubtitleDecoderException("frameRateMultiplier doesn't have 2 parts");
      }
      float numerator = Integer.parseInt(parts[0]);
      float denominator = Integer.parseInt(parts[1]);
      frameRateMultiplier = numerator / denominator;
    }

    int subFrameRate = DEFAULT_FRAME_AND_TICK_RATE.subFrameRate;
    String subFrameRateString = xmlParser.getAttributeValue(TTP, "subFrameRate");
    if (subFrameRateString != null) {
      subFrameRate = Integer.parseInt(subFrameRateString);
    }

    int tickRate = DEFAULT_FRAME_AND_TICK_RATE.tickRate;
    String tickRateString = xmlParser.getAttributeValue(TTP, "tickRate");
    if (tickRateString != null) {
      tickRate = Integer.parseInt(tickRateString);
    }
    return new FrameAndTickRate(frameRate * frameRateMultiplier, subFrameRate, tickRate);
  }

  private static CellResolution parseCellResolution(
      XmlPullParser xmlParser, CellResolution defaultValue) throws SubtitleDecoderException {
    String cellResolution = xmlParser.getAttributeValue(TTP, "cellResolution");
    if (cellResolution == null) {
      return defaultValue;
    }

    Matcher cellResolutionMatcher = CELL_RESOLUTION.matcher(cellResolution);
    if (!cellResolutionMatcher.matches()) {
      Log.w(TAG, "Ignoring malformed cell resolution: " + cellResolution);
      return defaultValue;
    }
    try {
      int columns = Integer.parseInt(Assertions.checkNotNull(cellResolutionMatcher.group(1)));
      int rows = Integer.parseInt(Assertions.checkNotNull(cellResolutionMatcher.group(2)));
      if (columns == 0 || rows == 0) {
        throw new SubtitleDecoderException("Invalid cell resolution " + columns + " " + rows);
      }
      return new CellResolution(columns, rows);
    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
      Log.w(TAG, "Ignoring malformed cell resolution: " + cellResolution);
      return defaultValue;
    }
  }

  @Nullable
  private static TtsExtent parseTtsExtent(XmlPullParser xmlParser) {
    @Nullable
    String ttsExtent = XmlPullParserUtil.getAttributeValue(xmlParser, TtmlNode.ATTR_TTS_EXTENT);
    if (ttsExtent == null) {
      return null;
    }

    Matcher extentMatcher = PIXEL_COORDINATES.matcher(ttsExtent);
    if (!extentMatcher.matches()) {
      Log.w(TAG, "Ignoring non-pixel tts extent: " + ttsExtent);
      return null;
    }
    try {
      int width = Integer.parseInt(Assertions.checkNotNull(extentMatcher.group(1)));
      int height = Integer.parseInt(Assertions.checkNotNull(extentMatcher.group(2)));
      return new TtsExtent(width, height);
    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
      Log.w(TAG, "Ignoring malformed tts extent: " + ttsExtent);
      return null;
    }
  }

  private static Map<String, TtmlStyle> parseHeader(
      XmlPullParser xmlParser,
      Map<String, TtmlStyle> globalStyles,
      CellResolution cellResolution,
      @Nullable TtsExtent ttsExtent,
      Map<String, TtmlRegion> globalRegions,
      Map<String, String> imageMap)
      throws IOException, XmlPullParserException {
    do {
      xmlParser.next();
      if (XmlPullParserUtil.isStartTag(xmlParser, TtmlNode.TAG_STYLE)) {
        @Nullable String parentStyleId = XmlPullParserUtil.getAttributeValue(xmlParser, ATTR_STYLE);
        TtmlStyle style = parseStyleAttributes(xmlParser, new TtmlStyle());
        if (parentStyleId != null) {
          for (String id : parseStyleIds(parentStyleId)) {
            style.chain(globalStyles.get(id));
          }
        }
        String styleId = style.getId();
        if (styleId != null) {
          globalStyles.put(styleId, style);
        }
      } else if (XmlPullParserUtil.isStartTag(xmlParser, TtmlNode.TAG_REGION)) {
        @Nullable
        TtmlRegion ttmlRegion = parseRegionAttributes(xmlParser, cellResolution, ttsExtent);
        if (ttmlRegion != null) {
          globalRegions.put(ttmlRegion.id, ttmlRegion);
        }
      } else if (XmlPullParserUtil.isStartTag(xmlParser, TtmlNode.TAG_METADATA)) {
        parseMetadata(xmlParser, imageMap);
      }
    } while (!XmlPullParserUtil.isEndTag(xmlParser, TtmlNode.TAG_HEAD));
    return globalStyles;
  }

  private static void parseMetadata(XmlPullParser xmlParser, Map<String, String> imageMap)
      throws IOException, XmlPullParserException {
    do {
      xmlParser.next();
      if (XmlPullParserUtil.isStartTag(xmlParser, TtmlNode.TAG_IMAGE)) {
        @Nullable String id = XmlPullParserUtil.getAttributeValue(xmlParser, "id");
        if (id != null) {
          String encodedBitmapData = xmlParser.nextText();
          imageMap.put(id, encodedBitmapData);
        }
      }
    } while (!XmlPullParserUtil.isEndTag(xmlParser, TtmlNode.TAG_METADATA));
  }

  /**
   * Parses a region declaration.
   *
   * <p>Supports both percentage and pixel defined regions. In case of pixel defined regions the
   * passed {@code ttsExtent} is used as a reference window to convert the pixel values to
   * fractions. In case of missing tts:extent the pixel defined regions can't be parsed, and null is
   * returned.
   */
  @Nullable
  private static TtmlRegion parseRegionAttributes(
      XmlPullParser xmlParser, CellResolution cellResolution, @Nullable TtsExtent ttsExtent) {
    @Nullable String regionId = XmlPullParserUtil.getAttributeValue(xmlParser, TtmlNode.ATTR_ID);
    if (regionId == null) {
      return null;
    }

    float position;
    float line;

    @Nullable
    String regionOrigin = XmlPullParserUtil.getAttributeValue(xmlParser, TtmlNode.ATTR_TTS_ORIGIN);
    if (regionOrigin != null) {
      Matcher originPercentageMatcher = PERCENTAGE_COORDINATES.matcher(regionOrigin);
      Matcher originPixelMatcher = PIXEL_COORDINATES.matcher(regionOrigin);
      if (originPercentageMatcher.matches()) {
        try {
          position =
              Float.parseFloat(Assertions.checkNotNull(originPercentageMatcher.group(1))) / 100f;
          line = Float.parseFloat(Assertions.checkNotNull(originPercentageMatcher.group(2))) / 100f;
        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
          Log.w(TAG, "Ignoring region with malformed origin: " + regionOrigin);
          return null;
        }
      } else if (originPixelMatcher.matches()) {
        if (ttsExtent == null) {
          Log.w(TAG, "Ignoring region with missing tts:extent: " + regionOrigin);
          return null;
        }
        try {
          int width = Integer.parseInt(Assertions.checkNotNull(originPixelMatcher.group(1)));
          int height = Integer.parseInt(Assertions.checkNotNull(originPixelMatcher.group(2)));
          // Convert pixel values to fractions.
          position = width / (float) ttsExtent.width;
          line = height / (float) ttsExtent.height;
        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
          Log.w(TAG, "Ignoring region with malformed origin: " + regionOrigin);
          return null;
        }
      } else {
        Log.w(TAG, "Ignoring region with unsupported origin: " + regionOrigin);
        return null;
      }
    } else {
      Log.w(TAG, "Ignoring region without an origin");
      return null;
      // TODO: Should default to top left as below in this case, but need to fix
      // https://github.com/google/ExoPlayer/issues/2953 first.
      // Origin is omitted. Default to top left.
      // position = 0;
      // line = 0;
    }

    float width;
    float height;
    @Nullable
    String regionExtent = XmlPullParserUtil.getAttributeValue(xmlParser, TtmlNode.ATTR_TTS_EXTENT);
    if (regionExtent != null) {
      Matcher extentPercentageMatcher = PERCENTAGE_COORDINATES.matcher(regionExtent);
      Matcher extentPixelMatcher = PIXEL_COORDINATES.matcher(regionExtent);
      if (extentPercentageMatcher.matches()) {
        try {
          width =
              Float.parseFloat(Assertions.checkNotNull(extentPercentageMatcher.group(1))) / 100f;
          height =
              Float.parseFloat(Assertions.checkNotNull(extentPercentageMatcher.group(2))) / 100f;
        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
          Log.w(TAG, "Ignoring region with malformed extent: " + regionOrigin);
          return null;
        }
      } else if (extentPixelMatcher.matches()) {
        if (ttsExtent == null) {
          Log.w(TAG, "Ignoring region with missing tts:extent: " + regionOrigin);
          return null;
        }
        try {
          int extentWidth = Integer.parseInt(Assertions.checkNotNull(extentPixelMatcher.group(1)));
          int extentHeight = Integer.parseInt(Assertions.checkNotNull(extentPixelMatcher.group(2)));
          // Convert pixel values to fractions.
          width = extentWidth / (float) ttsExtent.width;
          height = extentHeight / (float) ttsExtent.height;
        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
          Log.w(TAG, "Ignoring region with malformed extent: " + regionOrigin);
          return null;
        }
      } else {
        Log.w(TAG, "Ignoring region with unsupported extent: " + regionOrigin);
        return null;
      }
    } else {
      Log.w(TAG, "Ignoring region without an extent");
      return null;
      // TODO: Should default to extent of parent as below in this case, but need to fix
      // https://github.com/google/ExoPlayer/issues/2953 first.
      // Extent is omitted. Default to extent of parent.
      // width = 1;
      // height = 1;
    }

    @Cue.AnchorType int lineAnchor = Cue.ANCHOR_TYPE_START;
    @Nullable
    String displayAlign =
        XmlPullParserUtil.getAttributeValue(xmlParser, TtmlNode.ATTR_TTS_DISPLAY_ALIGN);
    if (displayAlign != null) {
      switch (Ascii.toLowerCase(displayAlign)) {
        case "center":
          lineAnchor = Cue.ANCHOR_TYPE_MIDDLE;
          line += height / 2;
          break;
        case "after":
          lineAnchor = Cue.ANCHOR_TYPE_END;
          line += height;
          break;
        default:
          // Default "before" case. Do nothing.
          break;
      }
    }

    float regionTextHeight = 1.0f / cellResolution.rows;

    @Cue.VerticalType int verticalType = Cue.TYPE_UNSET;
    @Nullable
    String writingDirection =
        XmlPullParserUtil.getAttributeValue(xmlParser, TtmlNode.ATTR_TTS_WRITING_MODE);
    if (writingDirection != null) {
      switch (Ascii.toLowerCase(writingDirection)) {
          // TODO: Support horizontal RTL modes.
        case TtmlNode.VERTICAL:
        case TtmlNode.VERTICAL_LR:
          verticalType = Cue.VERTICAL_TYPE_LR;
          break;
        case TtmlNode.VERTICAL_RL:
          verticalType = Cue.VERTICAL_TYPE_RL;
          break;
        default:
          // ignore
          break;
      }
    }
    return new TtmlRegion(
        regionId,
        position,
        line,
        /* lineType= */ Cue.LINE_TYPE_FRACTION,
        lineAnchor,
        width,
        height,
        /* textSizeType= */ Cue.TEXT_SIZE_TYPE_FRACTIONAL_IGNORE_PADDING,
        /* textSize= */ regionTextHeight,
        verticalType);
  }

  private static String[] parseStyleIds(String parentStyleIds) {
    parentStyleIds = parentStyleIds.trim();
    return parentStyleIds.isEmpty() ? new String[0] : Util.split(parentStyleIds, "\\s+");
  }

  private static @PolyNull TtmlStyle parseStyleAttributes(
      XmlPullParser parser, @PolyNull TtmlStyle style) {
    int attributeCount = parser.getAttributeCount();
    for (int i = 0; i < attributeCount; i++) {
      String attributeValue = parser.getAttributeValue(i);
      switch (parser.getAttributeName(i)) {
        case TtmlNode.ATTR_ID:
          if (TtmlNode.TAG_STYLE.equals(parser.getName())) {
            style = createIfNull(style).setId(attributeValue);
          }
          break;
        case TtmlNode.ATTR_TTS_BACKGROUND_COLOR:
          style = createIfNull(style);
          try {
            style.setBackgroundColor(ColorParser.parseTtmlColor(attributeValue));
          } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Failed parsing background value: " + attributeValue);
          }
          break;
        case TtmlNode.ATTR_TTS_COLOR:
          style = createIfNull(style);
          try {
            style.setFontColor(ColorParser.parseTtmlColor(attributeValue));
          } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Failed parsing color value: " + attributeValue);
          }
          break;
        case TtmlNode.ATTR_TTS_FONT_FAMILY:
          style = createIfNull(style).setFontFamily(attributeValue);
          break;
        case TtmlNode.ATTR_TTS_FONT_SIZE:
          try {
            style = createIfNull(style);
            parseFontSize(attributeValue, style);
          } catch (SubtitleDecoderException e) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Failed parsing fontSize value: " + attributeValue);
          }
          break;
        case TtmlNode.ATTR_TTS_FONT_WEIGHT:
          style = createIfNull(style).setBold(TtmlNode.BOLD.equalsIgnoreCase(attributeValue));
          break;
        case TtmlNode.ATTR_TTS_FONT_STYLE:
          style = createIfNull(style).setItalic(TtmlNode.ITALIC.equalsIgnoreCase(attributeValue));
          break;
        case TtmlNode.ATTR_TTS_TEXT_ALIGN:
          style = createIfNull(style).setTextAlign(parseAlignment(attributeValue));
          break;
        case TtmlNode.ATTR_EBUTTS_MULTI_ROW_ALIGN:
          style = createIfNull(style).setMultiRowAlign(parseAlignment(attributeValue));
          break;
        case TtmlNode.ATTR_TTS_TEXT_COMBINE:
          switch (Ascii.toLowerCase(attributeValue)) {
            case TtmlNode.COMBINE_NONE:
              style = createIfNull(style).setTextCombine(false);
              break;
            case TtmlNode.COMBINE_ALL:
              style = createIfNull(style).setTextCombine(true);
              break;
            default:
              // ignore
              break;
          }
          break;
        case TtmlNode.ATTR_TTS_RUBY:
          switch (Ascii.toLowerCase(attributeValue)) {
            case TtmlNode.RUBY_CONTAINER:
              style = createIfNull(style).setRubyType(TtmlStyle.RUBY_TYPE_CONTAINER);
              break;
            case TtmlNode.RUBY_BASE:
            case TtmlNode.RUBY_BASE_CONTAINER:
              style = createIfNull(style).setRubyType(TtmlStyle.RUBY_TYPE_BASE);
              break;
            case TtmlNode.RUBY_TEXT:
            case TtmlNode.RUBY_TEXT_CONTAINER:
              style = createIfNull(style).setRubyType(TtmlStyle.RUBY_TYPE_TEXT);
              break;
            case TtmlNode.RUBY_DELIMITER:
              style = createIfNull(style).setRubyType(TtmlStyle.RUBY_TYPE_DELIMITER);
              break;
            default:
              // ignore
              break;
          }
          break;
        case TtmlNode.ATTR_TTS_RUBY_POSITION:
          switch (Ascii.toLowerCase(attributeValue)) {
            case TtmlNode.ANNOTATION_POSITION_BEFORE:
              style = createIfNull(style).setRubyPosition(TextAnnotation.POSITION_BEFORE);
              break;
            case TtmlNode.ANNOTATION_POSITION_AFTER:
              style = createIfNull(style).setRubyPosition(TextAnnotation.POSITION_AFTER);
              break;
            default:
              // ignore
              break;
          }
          break;
        case TtmlNode.ATTR_TTS_TEXT_DECORATION:
          switch (Ascii.toLowerCase(attributeValue)) {
            case TtmlNode.LINETHROUGH:
              style = createIfNull(style).setLinethrough(true);
              break;
            case TtmlNode.NO_LINETHROUGH:
              style = createIfNull(style).setLinethrough(false);
              break;
            case TtmlNode.UNDERLINE:
              style = createIfNull(style).setUnderline(true);
              break;
            case TtmlNode.NO_UNDERLINE:
              style = createIfNull(style).setUnderline(false);
              break;
          }
          break;
        case TtmlNode.ATTR_TTS_TEXT_EMPHASIS:
          style = createIfNull(style).setTextEmphasis(TextEmphasis.parse(attributeValue));
          break;
        case TtmlNode.ATTR_TTS_SHEAR:
          style = createIfNull(style).setShearPercentage(parseShear(attributeValue));
          break;
        default:
          // ignore
          break;
      }
    }
    return style;
  }

  private static TtmlStyle createIfNull(@Nullable TtmlStyle style) {
    return style == null ? new TtmlStyle() : style;
  }

  @Nullable
  private static Layout.Alignment parseAlignment(String alignment) {
    switch (Ascii.toLowerCase(alignment)) {
      case TtmlNode.LEFT:
      case TtmlNode.START:
        return Layout.Alignment.ALIGN_NORMAL;
      case TtmlNode.RIGHT:
      case TtmlNode.END:
        return Layout.Alignment.ALIGN_OPPOSITE;
      case TtmlNode.CENTER:
        return Layout.Alignment.ALIGN_CENTER;
      default:
        return null;
    }
  }

  private static TtmlNode parseNode(
      XmlPullParser parser,
      @Nullable TtmlNode parent,
      Map<String, TtmlRegion> regionMap,
      FrameAndTickRate frameAndTickRate)
      throws SubtitleDecoderException {
    long duration = C.TIME_UNSET;
    long startTime = C.TIME_UNSET;
    long endTime = C.TIME_UNSET;
    String regionId = TtmlNode.ANONYMOUS_REGION_ID;
    @Nullable String imageId = null;
    @Nullable String[] styleIds = null;
    int attributeCount = parser.getAttributeCount();
    @Nullable TtmlStyle style = parseStyleAttributes(parser, null);
    for (int i = 0; i < attributeCount; i++) {
      String attr = parser.getAttributeName(i);
      String value = parser.getAttributeValue(i);
      switch (attr) {
        case ATTR_BEGIN:
          startTime = parseTimeExpression(value, frameAndTickRate);
          break;
        case ATTR_END:
          endTime = parseTimeExpression(value, frameAndTickRate);
          break;
        case ATTR_DURATION:
          duration = parseTimeExpression(value, frameAndTickRate);
          break;
        case ATTR_STYLE:
          // IDREFS: potentially multiple space delimited ids
          String[] ids = parseStyleIds(value);
          if (ids.length > 0) {
            styleIds = ids;
          }
          break;
        case ATTR_REGION:
          if (regionMap.containsKey(value)) {
            // If the region has not been correctly declared or does not define a position, we use
            // the anonymous region.
            regionId = value;
          }
          break;
        case ATTR_IMAGE:
          // Parse URI reference only if refers to an element in the same document (it must start
          // with '#'). Resolving URIs from external sources is not supported.
          if (value.startsWith("#")) {
            imageId = value.substring(1);
          }
          break;
        default:
          // Do nothing.
          break;
      }
    }
    if (parent != null && parent.startTimeUs != C.TIME_UNSET) {
      if (startTime != C.TIME_UNSET) {
        startTime += parent.startTimeUs;
      }
      if (endTime != C.TIME_UNSET) {
        endTime += parent.startTimeUs;
      }
    }
    if (endTime == C.TIME_UNSET) {
      if (duration != C.TIME_UNSET) {
        // Infer the end time from the duration.
        endTime = startTime + duration;
      } else if (parent != null && parent.endTimeUs != C.TIME_UNSET) {
        // If the end time remains unspecified, then it should be inherited from the parent.
        endTime = parent.endTimeUs;
      }
    }

    return TtmlNode.buildNode(
        parser.getName(), startTime, endTime, style, styleIds, regionId, imageId, parent);
  }

  private static boolean isSupportedTag(String tag) {
    return tag.equals(TtmlNode.TAG_TT)
        || tag.equals(TtmlNode.TAG_HEAD)
        || tag.equals(TtmlNode.TAG_BODY)
        || tag.equals(TtmlNode.TAG_DIV)
        || tag.equals(TtmlNode.TAG_P)
        || tag.equals(TtmlNode.TAG_SPAN)
        || tag.equals(TtmlNode.TAG_BR)
        || tag.equals(TtmlNode.TAG_STYLE)
        || tag.equals(TtmlNode.TAG_STYLING)
        || tag.equals(TtmlNode.TAG_LAYOUT)
        || tag.equals(TtmlNode.TAG_REGION)
        || tag.equals(TtmlNode.TAG_METADATA)
        || tag.equals(TtmlNode.TAG_IMAGE)
        || tag.equals(TtmlNode.TAG_DATA)
        || tag.equals(TtmlNode.TAG_INFORMATION);
  }

  private static void parseFontSize(String expression, TtmlStyle out)
      throws SubtitleDecoderException {
    String[] expressions = Util.split(expression, "\\s+");
    Matcher matcher;
    if (expressions.length == 1) {
      matcher = FONT_SIZE.matcher(expression);
    } else if (expressions.length == 2) {
      matcher = FONT_SIZE.matcher(expressions[1]);
      Log.w(
          TAG,
          "Multiple values in fontSize attribute. Picking the second value for vertical font"
              + " size and ignoring the first.");
    } else {
      throw new SubtitleDecoderException(
          "Invalid number of entries for fontSize: " + expressions.length + ".");
    }

    if (matcher.matches()) {
      String unit = Assertions.checkNotNull(matcher.group(3));
      switch (unit) {
        case "px":
          out.setFontSizeUnit(TtmlStyle.FONT_SIZE_UNIT_PIXEL);
          break;
        case "em":
          out.setFontSizeUnit(TtmlStyle.FONT_SIZE_UNIT_EM);
          break;
        case "%":
          out.setFontSizeUnit(TtmlStyle.FONT_SIZE_UNIT_PERCENT);
          break;
        default:
          throw new SubtitleDecoderException("Invalid unit for fontSize: '" + unit + "'.");
      }
      out.setFontSize(Float.parseFloat(Assertions.checkNotNull(matcher.group(1))));
    } else {
      throw new SubtitleDecoderException("Invalid expression for fontSize: '" + expression + "'.");
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns the parsed shear percentage (between -100.0 and +100.0 inclusive), or {@link
   * TtmlStyle#UNSPECIFIED_SHEAR} if parsing failed.
   */
  private static float parseShear(String expression) {
    Matcher matcher = SIGNED_PERCENTAGE.matcher(expression);
    if (!matcher.matches()) {
      Log.w(TAG, "Invalid value for shear: " + expression);
      return TtmlStyle.UNSPECIFIED_SHEAR;
    }
    try {
      String percentage = Assertions.checkNotNull(matcher.group(1));
      float value = Float.parseFloat(percentage);
      // https://www.w3.org/TR/2018/REC-ttml2-20181108/#semantics-style-procedures-shear
      // If the absolute value of the specified percentage is greater than 100%, then it must be
      // interpreted as if 100% were specified with the appropriate sign.
      value = max(-100f, value);
      value = min(100f, value);
      return value;
    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
      Log.w(TAG, "Failed to parse shear: " + expression, e);
      return TtmlStyle.UNSPECIFIED_SHEAR;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Parses a time expression, returning the parsed timestamp.
   *
   * <p>For the format of a time expression, see: <a
   * href="http://www.w3.org/TR/ttaf1-dfxp/#timing-value-timeExpression">timeExpression</a>
   *
   * @param time A string that includes the time expression.
   * @param frameAndTickRate The effective frame and tick rates of the stream.
   * @return The parsed timestamp in microseconds.
   * @throws SubtitleDecoderException If the given string does not contain a valid time expression.
   */
  private static long parseTimeExpression(String time, FrameAndTickRate frameAndTickRate)
      throws SubtitleDecoderException {
    Matcher matcher = CLOCK_TIME.matcher(time);
    if (matcher.matches()) {
      String hours = Assertions.checkNotNull(matcher.group(1));
      double durationSeconds = Long.parseLong(hours) * 3600;
      String minutes = Assertions.checkNotNull(matcher.group(2));
      durationSeconds += Long.parseLong(minutes) * 60;
      String seconds = Assertions.checkNotNull(matcher.group(3));
      durationSeconds += Long.parseLong(seconds);
      @Nullable String fraction = matcher.group(4);
      durationSeconds += (fraction != null) ? Double.parseDouble(fraction) : 0;
      @Nullable String frames = matcher.group(5);
      durationSeconds +=
          (frames != null) ? Long.parseLong(frames) / frameAndTickRate.effectiveFrameRate : 0;
      @Nullable String subframes = matcher.group(6);
      durationSeconds +=
          (subframes != null)
              ? ((double) Long.parseLong(subframes))
                  / frameAndTickRate.subFrameRate
                  / frameAndTickRate.effectiveFrameRate
              : 0;
      return (long) (durationSeconds * C.MICROS_PER_SECOND);
    }
    matcher = OFFSET_TIME.matcher(time);
    if (matcher.matches()) {
      String timeValue = Assertions.checkNotNull(matcher.group(1));
      double offsetSeconds = Double.parseDouble(timeValue);
      String unit = Assertions.checkNotNull(matcher.group(2));
      switch (unit) {
        case "h":
          offsetSeconds *= 3600;
          break;
        case "m":
          offsetSeconds *= 60;
          break;
        case "s":
          // Do nothing.
          break;
        case "ms":
          offsetSeconds /= 1000;
          break;
        case "f":
          offsetSeconds /= frameAndTickRate.effectiveFrameRate;
          break;
        case "t":
          offsetSeconds /= frameAndTickRate.tickRate;
          break;
      }
      return (long) (offsetSeconds * C.MICROS_PER_SECOND);
    }
    throw new SubtitleDecoderException("Malformed time expression: " + time);
  }

  private static final class FrameAndTickRate {
    final float effectiveFrameRate;
    final int subFrameRate;
    final int tickRate;

    FrameAndTickRate(float effectiveFrameRate, int subFrameRate, int tickRate) {
      this.effectiveFrameRate = effectiveFrameRate;
      this.subFrameRate = subFrameRate;
      this.tickRate = tickRate;
    }
  }

  /** Represents the cell resolution for a TTML file. */
  private static final class CellResolution {
    final int columns;
    final int rows;

    CellResolution(int columns, int rows) {
      this.columns = columns;
      this.rows = rows;
    }
  }

  /** Represents the tts:extent for a TTML file. */
  private static final class TtsExtent {
    final int width;
    final int height;

    TtsExtent(int width, int height) {
      this.width = width;
      this.height = height;
    }
  }
}
